White Rum

In the making of Rum, the produce of the fermentation and distillation process of molasses is a transparent spirit, which is then aged in vats or barrels and the end result of the ageing is Rum.

White Rum differs from Dark Rum in this process of ageing, while to produce a Dark Rum, the distillate is aged in a large charred oak barrel, White Rum is aged in big stainless still barrels.

There are no legal categorisatoin of Rums and it's just a matter of practice that dark rum is used in cooking or is drunk straight or with a Cola , white rums are mostly used in cocktails.

Pernod Licorice Liqueur es

Pernod Anise is an anise flavoured liqueur invented in France in 1920, after Absinthe was banned in 1915. Pernod is made from distillates of star anise and fennel blended with distillates of 14 herbs including chamomile, coriander and veronica.

Note that Pernod is positioned somewhere in between Anisette and Pastis, since it has Liquorice but it has less Liquorice influence than Pastis.

Angostura Bitters es

Angostura Bitters is a concentrated bitters based on gentian, herbs and spices, from the House of Angostura in Trinadad and Tobago. Note that the Angostura Bitters from the House of Angostura do not contain Angostura bark.
However, Angostura Bitters or Angobitter offered by other brands like Riemerschmid and Hemmeler, contain angostura bark, possibly to justify using the word "Angostura" in their names.

Sugar

Brown Sugar is a sucrose sugar with a distinctive brown colour from the presence of molasses, it is a partially refined or unrefined sugar containing sugar crystals and residual molasses giving it a distinctive taste and flavour of crystallised molasses or toffee. The taste of dark brown sugar is described as a caramel taste with a deep molasses flavour.
Brown sugar is used in cocktails where a caramel candy or toffee flavour is expected.

Caster Sugar is finely ground granulated sugar. It is not as fine a powdered confectioners' sugar and has a little grit to it. It is somewhere between confectioners' sugar and granulated sugar, and melts in mouth with a mild spicy feel to the tongue

Vanilla Sugar is the regular granulated sugar infused with vanilla flavour, by using vanilla pods and seeds to flavour the sugar. A home made alternative is to use vanilla sticks or pods in a jar of sugar and leave it sealed for 4 weeks to allow the vanilla flavour to infuse. Or to use granulated sugar and vanilla extract and blend in a mixer, although this ends up in powdered sugar.