Bourbon

American's don't need to be lectured on Bourbon, but still, let's put it in record like all other spirits. A Bourbon in American spirit is a barrel-aged distilled liquor made primarily from corn. The name might have been derived from the French Bourbon dynasty, or from Bourbon County in Kentucky, or Bourbon Street in New Orleans, both named after the French Dynasty.

Technically, most whiskey made in America are legally classified as Bourbon, although Bourbon is in spirit a Southern Whiskey with special connection to Kentucky. Note than although Tennessee Whiskey is classified as Bourbon, Tennessee distilleries do not prefer their whiskey to be unique and referred to as Tennessee Whiskey only.

Distilling came to Kentucky in the late 18rth Century with the Scots, Scot-Irish and other settlers including English, Welsh, German and French, and they brought with them their distilling techniques and ageing processes in charred oak barrels. The charring is what gives the Bourbon the brownish colour and distinctive taste.

To be a legal Bourbon, a whiskey has to meet the following criteria

Produced in the United States and Territories (Puerto Rico) and the District of Columbia
Made from a grain mixture that is at least 51% corn
Aged in new, charred oak containers
Distilled to no more than 160 (U.S.) proof (80% alcohol by volume)
Entered into the container for aging at no more than 125 proof (62.5% alcohol by volume)
Bottled (like other whiskeys) at 80 proof or more (40% alcohol by volume)

Maple Syrup 2 barspoons

Maple Syrup is all North American, and is usually made from the sap of sugar maple, red maple or black maple trees. Maple trees store starch in their trunks and before winter the starch is sent to the roots and converted to sugar that rises in the sap in winter, maple trees are tapped by drilling into their trunks and collecting the sap, which is then processed and reduced into a concentrated syrup.

Peach Bitters 2es

Alcoholic spirits infused with botanicals such as herbs, roots, fruits and leaves, are called Bitters.
Bitters consist of water and alcohol which has been steeped with various herbs, fruits, leaves etc. Bitters are not to be drank neat or even as the base spirit of a cocktail, these are usually concentrated alcoholic concoctions and just a dash or a few drops are all we need to add that taste to a cocktail.
There are exceptions and some bitters like the Italian Amari is consumed without mixing in a cocktail. It has a bitter sweet taste and alcohol content is somewhere between 16%-40%. Generally in Europe its being consumed as an after dinner digestif.

Angostura Bitters

Angostura Bitters is a concentrated bitters based on gentian, herbs and spices, from the House of Angostura in Trinadad and Tobago. Note that the Angostura Bitters from the House of Angostura do not contain Angostura bark.
However, Angostura Bitters or Angobitter offered by other brands like Riemerschmid and Hemmeler, contain angostura bark, possibly to justify using the word "Angostura" in their names.

Apple Juice 1 barspoon

Apple juice is a fruit juice made by maceration and pressing of an apple. The extract is usually clarified of suspended starch and pectin and then pasteurised and bottled or further clarified to produce a commercial juice. Apple juice manufacturing being an expensive process, it is mostly produced commercially worldwide.
Apple juice if unconcentrated, is 88% water and helps rehydrating the body, it contains beneficial plant compounds like polyphenols. Lakewood's Organic Apple Juice is one of the best choices of Organic Apple Juice, while Mott's Sensible Apple is the brand that has the least added sugar in it.
Apple juice goes well with Vodka too, while dark liquors like Bourbon and Dark Rum had been the traditional choices with Apple Juice.

Garnish Cinnamon Stick

Cinnamon is a very popular spice used world over, obtained from the inner bark of the trees of the genus Cinnamomum. Cinnamon is used in a wide variety of cuisines, sweets, breads and tea and is a dominant flavour in Cola too. Cinnamon trees are grown for two years befiore harvesting them by cutitng the stems at ground level, leaving stumps of trunks from where new shoots grow back and the tree growns again. The cut down stems are immediately processed, the outer bark is scraped off and the stem is beaten evenly with a hammer to loosen the inner bark which is then pried off in long rolls, dried and cut into pieces for sale.
Both Cinnamon Sticks and Cinnamon Powder is used in cocktails to add that sweet and woody flavour to the drink. Alternatively if you are not comfortable with the Powder and the recipe doesn't explicitly asks for Cinnamon Powder you can use a drop of Cinnamon Oil instead.
Note: Cinnamon Leaf Oil has a musky and spicy scent, and a light-yellow tinge that distinguishes it from the red-brown color of cinnamon bark oil Cinnamon leaf oil is lighter, cheaper and ideal for regular use. Although cocktail creation is an art and you can experiment with both.